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Hygiene & Sanitation News


The Sanitation News PDF Print E-mail
Written by Noah Arre   
Wednesday, 07 October 2009 10:01

THE SANITATION NEWS

 What is hygiene? 
 Hygiene is the self-employment of practices which will keep one healthy. Among these practices are proper eating, body cleanliness and good sleep!

What is sanitation? 
  Sanitation is the effective use of measures which will create and maintain healthy conditions. Among these measures are protection of food and    water and the control of disease-carrying insects and animals

What is the chain of disease transmission?
  Reservoir (source)
  Vehicle (means of transportation)
  Susceptible person 
 
What are the five F's of disease transfer?
  Feces
  Fingers
  Flies
  Food
  Fluids

What is the main source of the organism that causes intestinal diseases?
  Human Feces 
 
What are the four types of wastes?
  Human (feces and urine)
  Bath, and liquid kitchen wastes)
  Garbage
  Rubbish 
 
What is the simplest way to make safe to drink water?
  Boil water for 5-10 minutes 
What are five diseases carried by mosquitoes?
  Malaria
  Dengue
  Yellow Fever
  Virus Encephalitis
  Filariasis 
 
Name three germs that flies carry?
  Typhoid
  Cholera
  Dysentery
 
Referenced from WHO documents
By: Noah Arre

Last Updated on Wednesday, 07 October 2009 14:35
 
Early use of antivirals key in H1N1 flu: WHO PDF Print E-mail
Saturday, 26 September 2009 20:35

GENEVA (Reuters) - Early use of antivirals is effective in treating H1N1 flu and health authorities must be vigilant for signs of drug resistance, the World Health Organisation said on Friday.

Drug-resistant pandemic flu viruses have appeared infrequently so far and there is no evidence they are spreading, but further cases are likely, the WHO said on its website.

Growing international experience showed the importance of the early use of oseltamivir, manufactured as Tamiflu by Roche Holding and Gilead Sciences, or zanamivir, an inhaled medicine produced as Relenza by GlaxoSmithKline in swine flu cases," the WHO said.

"The experience of clinicians, including those who have treated severe cases of pandemic influenza, and national authorities, suggests that prompt administration of these drugs following symptom onset reduces the risk of complications and can also improve clinical outcome in patients with severe disease," the Geneva-based U.N. agency said.

"This experience further underscores the need to protect the effectiveness of these drugs by minimizing the occurrence and impact of drug resistance," it said.

Read more...
 
Studies show one dose of H1N1 vaccine may be enough PDF Print E-mail
Friday, 11 September 2009 15:20


WASHINGTON - Two studies published on Thursday confirmed that a single dose of swine flu vaccine can protect people from the new pandemic H1N1 virus -- welcome news to global health officials who had worried that people might need two doses.

Australian vaccine maker CSL Inc. released new data showing its vaccine got what would be considered a protective immune response with a singe dose, and Swiss drug maker Novartis presented a study confirming a report from last week showing its vaccine worked at an even lower dose when boosted with an immune system compound called an adjuvant.

Both studies, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, may lay to rest fears about the logistical nightmare of trying to vaccinate hundreds of millions of people globally with two doses of H1N1 vaccine -- given a month apart -- in addition to a single recommended dose of seasonal influenza vaccine.

Last week China's Sinovac also reported its vaccine protected patients with a single dose.

The new H1N1 strain of flu, declared a pandemic in June, could eventually infect one third of the world's population, or 2 billion people, according to the World Health Organization.

Because it is a new strain, infectious disease experts had said people would likely need two doses to get full immunity against the virus. They are rushing to put in place vaccine programs as the weather cools in the Northern Hemisphere and the traditional flu season starts.

About 20 pharmaceutical companies including Sanofi-Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca's MedImmune unit are also racing to develop H1N1 vaccine as governments scramble to secure supplies.

The United States hopes to vaccinate 160 million Americans by the beginning of December.

NASAL SPRAY READY

Also on Thursday, MedImmune said its inhaled vaccine against the pandemic H1N1 virus could be ready to start shipping to the U.S. government by the end of September.

MedImmune's Dr. Raburn Mallory said the company has submitted safety data for its nasal spray swine flu vaccine to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Read more...
 


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